Sodium bicarbonate is a white, odorless crystalline powder (NaHCO₃), commonly known as baking soda. It works as a mild base, leavening agent, and pH buffer, releasing carbon dioxide when heated or acidic. Widely used in baking, cleaning, fire extinguishing, and medical remedies like antacid treatments, it’s also found in veterinary and personal care applications. Highly soluble and stable, it’s a versatile staple across households and industries.